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Its way too complicated to make it simple, and really at the end of the day its largely about learning situations by rote. Noone does the maths at the table. However heres my attempt to make it simple as far as how you should be playing in an ICM friendly style in STTs.
ICM basically tells us that the chips in our stack are worth more than the chips we can win (i.e., if we get ai on the first hand and win, we're only slightly more likely to win the tourney, but if we lose we have zero chance to win). Therefore we're only interest in playing hands early when we think we're likely to be favorite (or have very good implied odds which normally only refers to set camping very early on). One way to think of this, is we try to avoid situations where we can be dominated. AQ can be dominated by AK so we probably dont call a raise, but might make one, but AJ can be dominated by both AQ and AK so we're really not happy about it anytime. Thats the kind of situation we're looking to avoid.
Mid-game the blinds are now worth enough to take some risks. We'll make occassional steal attempts, but generally only from position and in favorable circumstances (i.e., fair chance blinds will fold).
Late game the blinds are a fair proportion of our stack, so its worth taking a chance to get them. Because they're worth so much, we want to maximise our chance to get them, so we would normally maximise our fold equity by pushing.
ICM is largely the maths we need to use to decide whether to push or not (or call a push), however a general rule is that if you have less than say 13-14 BBs, your only options are really push or fold (hence refered to as p/f poker). If you want to play a hand, you need to be pushing it almost always by this stage. Learning when to push or not is a matter of using ICM to review spots after you play and finding which were +EV spots to push and remembering them for next time.
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