I like your interpretation, but I do not think it's all to the story. The subtext agrees with your interpretation a lot, but the actual text, what Claire actually says her views and motivations are, point to her dissatisfaction with her subordinate power role.
So I guess my explanation is the writing is schizophrenic. Half of her behavior and statements point to one motivation while the other half point to another.
However, I think her attempted solution to her dissatisfaction (leaving Frank) aligns more with the stated problem than the subtextual one. If she lost respect for him and thinks he's weak, she's still gonna stick by since he's the fucking president and she gains immensely by sticking it out for the time being. Her leaving over the stated reason, that she wants to no longer be subordinate to him, makes more sense even though it too is stupid.
Spoiler:
She doesn't want to be subordinate to him anymore because he has put her up on the pedestal that he said he never would. No woman wants to be with a man who acts as if he is beneath her, and that's exactly what he started doing in Season 3.