Alright, I'm going to do this without looking at anyone's previous answers so I can see how terrible I am at adjusting to common situations.

1. If someone folds to flop continuation bets a whole lot, you can adjust by isolating them with a wider range and c-betting more.
2. If someone calls the flop continuation bets too a whole lot and folds to a turn continuation bet a whole lot, you can adjust by c-betting and double barreling more, but value betting only strong made hands on the river since his range will be fairly strong.
3. If someone folds their blinds pre-flop a whole lot, you can adjust by opening up out BTN range more, and depending on BTN and CO's tendencies we can open our CO and HJ ranges more as well. Post flop we might need to tread a little more cautiously since their ranges will be significantly stronger then our weaker stealing range.
4. If someone raises flop continuation bets a lot, you can adjust by value betting the flop more with our stronger made hands and c-betting our air/weak draws that we aren't willing to stack off with/weak made hands less.
5. If someone calls down multiple streets with any piece, you can adjust by value betting a LOT more and firing multiple barrels with air less.
6. If someone open-raises a very wide range pre-flop and doesn't 4-bet a wide range, you can adjust by calling more or 3-betting a wider range as either a bluff or for value depending on how often he folds to 3-bets.
7. If someone open-raises a very tight range pre-flop, you can adjust by fold our dominated hands and call with hands that have high implied odds like SCs, PPs, etc.
8. If someone continuation bets the flop a lot of the time, you can adjust by raising their c-bets or floating more and folding less in general to their c-bets with hands that have some equity.