1.
UTG - "under the gun" first to act preflop
UTG+1 - acts after UTG preflop
MP - middle position
CO - one before button

2.
Yes, poker forums like FTR and twoplustwo.com are great places to get advice.

3.
I like taking notes on playing styles, ranges, and generally anything that's out of the ordinary. For example: TAG, JJ+ AQ+, slowplays aces

4.
I'm not that familiar with rules for bankroll management but I think 30 buy-ins is the standard. So I guess no more than $2 sngs.

5.
Poker Tracker w/ Gametime+

6.
Twoplustwo.com's forum is the best resource you could have IMO