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crazy, I'll sum it up nice and easy for you. first, let me work backwards:
remember the last example you gave? The one with the 10/50 $20 behind example?
This is where you made the mistake: You bet into opponent $10. This is a mistake because he had a better hand and was going to raise you. This is impossible to know wether or not he was going to do this, but he convinced you to, somehow. The part that is correct about the hand, was the all in call, because you were getting 10/50. Problem is, villain looks at the flop situation as one in which he got you to put all of your chips into the pot on a draw = win for him. Get it? You can begin the flop with a mistake, but make a correct decision on the same street before the turn.
Secondly, I think you are confusing pot odds with hand equity. Both require two different sets of math.
For me personally, I only use pot odds when I am calling a bet in which it is the last decision to be made in a hand. For example: Villain is all in on turn with a big hand. You have 9 outs, pot is $20 (after villain pushed), and it is $10 to call. Since you will hit your outs once in five, this is a no call. because, $10 x 5 = >$30 (you add the $10 + $20.... this is also known as getting 2 to 1 on your money). Get it? if not, ask again.
Pot equity works like this: Pot equity requires the same math, except you are changing the final pot amount to stack+pot. To me, pot equity is another way of saying 'potential profit'. It's the amount of $ you could win if you hit your hand. Another difference is that the potential pot amount is based on reads (will your villain pay off enough to make the call a good one). A simple example is one of pocket pairs preflop. (yes ftr, I am still a strict 10x user). So what you do is, when you have 55, villain raises to $5 preflop with a bigger pocket pair, multiply the $5 by 10 = $50. If you are going to call preflop, you need to profit at least $50 every time you hit a set. One important note: you flop a set once in 8, but I multiply the betting amount by 10 just to be a little bit passive. I think passiveness is under rated here by most ftr members, but that's another story. Sorry this paragraph was very long and maybe a lil confusing or rhetorical.
One more thing:
On the flop with 8 outs, you will hit a straight once in three by the river. But only once in six by the turn. Make sure you use each of these two scenerios properly. You can't call a bet on the flop if it is more than one sixth of your potential profit, even though you will win the hand 32% of the time by the river.
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