The terms you describe apply mostly to NL. Betting pot, 1/2 pot or overbetting pot is all used to manipulate pot odds (if you don't understand pot odds do a search or maybe someone else will give you an example but I am too lazy). You want to stick around when you opponent lets you and you want to bet to ruin you opponents odds. Pot odds are also very important to limit but you have less control over them compared to limit.

#BB refers to you bet and raising amount. The industry standard is 3-4x's BB pre-flop with premium hands. The term #BB is used almost exclusively to describe pre-flop raises in NL and has no bearing in limit. The terms pot & overbet refer to post-flop bets and raises. You also want to raise the same #BB when you are stealing the blinds with what is not necessarily a premium hand.

When you hear people refer to "% of stacks" it is usually referring to tournament situation where if you lose your stack you go home. If you are on a big stack you may want to adjust the amount you bet or raise based on the % of your opponents stack in order to commit your opponent to the pot if he calls. This can apply when you have a great hand and want to knock out your opponent or when you are bluffing or semi-bluffing in order to put your opponet to a very big decision on the call. On the other hand, if you are on the short stack and a standard raise ie. 3xsBB is 1/3 of your stack, you may as well push AI because you are committed to the pot anyway and you may double up or fold out your opponents.

Conventional wisdom is that when you raise preflop whether it is with 74 or AA you should stay consistent at 3-4xs BB or whatever you like. The minimum raise in NL is pretty worthless and only used when you have a nut hand and don't care if everyone calls. Feel free to mix it up based on your "feeling" but be aware that an observant player will see your raise or bet is out of line and may not pay you off when you are strong or sense weakness and play back at you. You don't want to give away information based on varrying your bet size and you don't want to let players get the right price to draw by betting too little.

Hope this answered your question?